I'd like to thank FMC member Ed Raines for presenting an excellent talk at the June general club meeting held at the west Boulder Senior Center on June 8th, on the topic of the White Raven Mine located near Ward, CO. This meeting presentation was followed up a few days later by a field trip to the White Raven. This is a very good example of a linked club meeting presentation and then field work.

Congratulations to club Treasurer Alex (and Carolyn) Cook on being voted an "FMC Lifetime Achievement Award" by the FMC board recently in the catagory of Club Administration. Alex has put in many, many years of service to the club by being either President or the Treasurer and I will present the club LAA to him at the annual picnic.

The annual club picnic will be held under the main pavillion of the North Boulder Park as in past years on Sat. August 25th starting at 11:00am. For anyone new to Boulder, the main pavillion is NW of the main BCH hospital on ninth street. This year's picnic is open to all FMC members and a spouse or guest and kids. If attending, please RSVP to Gerry Naugle at 303-591-2830 (or) at gnaugle@earthlink.net (or) by USPS mail
at our P.O. Box 3331, Boulder, CO 80307 arrival by Friday, Aug. 24th so that we can get an accurate food head-count. Picnic attendees with last name of A-M please bring a dessert or watermelon, and attendees with last name of N-Z please bring a salad or veggie plate or corn. The club will have the meat entree (vegan meatless requests accepted) and soft drinks (diet and regular) and bottled ice-tea and water. Come over and have lunch and a good time with other club members.

On Wed, July 11th at Charlotte's house at 290 Seminole Drive, 80303, from 7:00 pm to about 8:30 pm we will have a special specimens bagging session to finish up the remaining few hundred mineral specimens for our grab bagsfor the annual picnic. FMC past president Lou Yoder has been very helpful to the club this past year on bagging these specimens and we thank him and the other lady-folks such as Jeannie Hurst and Ruth Sawdo and all others who have sewn the cloth grab bags for the specimens. We also thank all field trip folks who have brought over mineralspecimens to Charlotte's for these grab bags. We will have snacks for all persons on July 11th.

Also, ten days later, we will have a special club July Meeting and field trip to Charlotte Morrison's house NE Corner and East Side on Sat, July 21st starting at 11:00am. Her house is at 290 Seminole Drive 80303 (for map-quest). Mineral specimen sorting will be done in the garage, and snacks and chilled water will be provided (as last year). Help the club sort prize pieces and take home a few nice specimens. A sun-hat and your favorite type of insect repellent (if needed) are suggested. This is the closest club field-trip to Boulder this summer, guaranteed.

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Jr. Geologists Explore Geology around Boulder  
 

This summer, the Jr. Geologists continue to explore the geology of the Boulder area and collect specimens. (See photos, page 3.) We meet on the third Thursday of each month at 7 p.m.; mark your calendars for the next meeting on July 19. Last month we looked at the formations along the NCAR trail, plus practice using a GPS. As an extra bonus this summer, Todd Shannon is also taking Jr. Geologists families on field trips the first and third Tuesdays of each month.

The Jr. Geologists program is open to all Flatirons Mineral Club families. For more information about the Jr. Geologists program, please contact Dennis Gertenbach  or Todd Shannon.

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Librarian Needed
 

The Flatirons Mineral Club has one of the best libraries of books, videos, CDs, and other resources of any of the rock clubs in the state. Our current librarian, Ray Gilbert, lives in Berthoud, which limits access for most of our club members in the Boulder area. We are looking for a new club librarian, who will store our club’s books, provide a selection of books at each club meeting for people to check out, help club members find information about various aspects of our hobby, and periodically update the list of available resources for club members. Ideally, the librarian should have some space in their basement or a room at their home. If you would like to volunteer or to get more information about being the club librarian, please contact Ray Gilbert.

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Club Lapidary Equipment

The club owns a wide range of lapidary equipment that is set up in Charlotte Morrison’s basement and garage. This equipment is available for use by club members on Wednesday evenings or at other times by appointment. If you are inexperienced, but want to learn how to use the equipment, Charlotte will arrange for an experienced member to show you how to use the equipment. Be sure to call Charlotte and let her know when you will be coming.

The club recently received a donation of three additional lapidary machines from Andrea and Evan Elliott. Their generous gift to the club has allowed several members and Jr. Geologists to borrow equipment to improve their lapidary skills at home. If you would like to borrow one of these machines, contact Gerry Naugle.

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Rockhound of the Year Nominations

Each year, the club membership votes this honor on an active FMC member or husband-and-wife team. The FMC Rockhound of the Year is someone who contributes substantial time and effort to making our club the success it is today. A club member only receives this honor once in his or her lifetime.

Past recipients of this award include Charlotte Morrison (2002), Paul and Martha Ralston (2003), Ray and Dorothy Horton (2004), John and Jeanne Hurst (2005), and Ray and Joyce Gilbert (2006). Each year’s recipients are honored in the American Federation of Mineralogical Societies’ newsletter. FMC Rockhounds of the Year are also inductee into the FMC Hall of Fame and earn an honorary Ph.D. in "Rockology".

Club members are asked to nominate their choice for Rockhound of the Year. A nomination form is included with the electronic version of this newsletter. Please return your nomination form to Gerry Naugle by August 15th by mailing it to Gerry's attention at: FMC, P.O. Box 3331, Boulder, CO 80307 or e-mail your nomination to Gerry. Results will be announced at the annual club picnic on Saturday, August 25th.

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Field Trips Schedule
Dennis Gertenbach


Here are the field trips we have scheduled for the rest of the summer. We hope to add more as the summer continues. To sign up for a trip, contact the trip leader or sign up at the next monthly club meeting.

Charlotte Morrison’s Home in Boulder – July 21 (Saturday at 11:00 a.m.) There is approximately 1 ton of mixed mineral specimens at Charlotte’s home to be sorted. Everybody goes home with some goodies, plus we find things for the annual silent auction and for the annual show prizes. Snacks and chilled water will be provided for all attendees. Suggest to bring insect repellent and a hat/cap, because we will be working outside. Please RSVP to Gerry Naugle (gnaugle@earthlink.net, 303-591-2830).

Deckers – July 28 (Saturday) to collect Ordovician trilobites, brachiopods, and other invertebrates from the Manitou Formation. Trip Leader: Dennis Gertenbach (303-462-3522, gertenbach@comcast.net).

Picketwire Canyonlands – September 8 (Saturday) Come to this site south of La Junta, to see the most impressive dinosaur tracks in the United States. The Forest Service provides driving tours of the trackway, plus visits petroglyphs, an old Hispanic townsite, and the old ranch house. The cost is $15 per person. With the talk of expanding the Army’s proving grounds and closing this area to the public, this may be your only chance to see these tracks. The Forest Service only allows 30 people on their tours, so sign up with Dennis Gertenbach (303-462-3522, gertenbach@comcast.net) before the tour fills up.

Creede and Wolf Creek Pass – August 4 and 5 (Saturday and Sunday). We have been invited to join the North Jeffco Club to collect in these two locations. On Saturday, the group will travel to Wolf Creek Pass to collect geodes. Sunday’s collecting will be for sowbelly agate, amethyst, and sulfides at the Last Chance Mine outside of Creede. (There will be a small fee to collect at this site.) This is also the weekend that Mineral County has their mineral show in the mining museum in town. Contact Shaula Lee (303-990-2017) to sign up or for more information.

If you have a place that you would like to take club members or a place you have never been to and would like to explore with others in the club, consider leading a trip. You can find out more information about leading a trip from Dennis Gertenbach.

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Bring Your Field Trip Finds
 

If you found some great specimens at one of our club field trips, or on a trip of your own, please bring them to the next club meeting to show others. Everyone enjoys learning where to collect specimens and what can be found..

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June Field Trips
 

The club had two great field trips this past month. Here’s a brief summary of each.

Kremmling On June 16, the club joined the WIPS club in a trip to the Pierre Shale northwest of Kremmling. The first stop was the BLM’s Cretaceous Ammonite Site, a protected area where ammonites, known as Placenticeras, up to 3-foot in diameter are found. The area is littered with molds of these ammonites, known as “bird baths.” At the site, Dennis Gertenbach talked about the theories of why so many of these large ammonites are found in the area and the current research underway at the site.

For the rest of the day, the group collected fossils outside the protected area. Inoceramus clams were found everywhere. Also, several species of ammonites and baculites were found. Trick Runions made the fossil find-of-the-day, a large nautilus known as Eutrephoceras.

White Raven Mine The following Saturday, Todd Shannon led a trip to the White Raven Mine, outside of Ward. Ed Raines provided a great preview of the site at June’s club meeting, presenting the history of the mine and the surrounding mining district.

It was a beautiful day to be up in the mountains, to escape the heat of the metro area. We had permission to hunt on the mine dumps, looking for barite, calcite, siderite, chalcopyrite, galena, sphalerite, and the elusive wire silver. As Ed Raines had explained at the club meeting, the mineralogy of the mine is quite complex and many unusual and unique minerals can be found. Some great specimens were found, but no one found any native silver.
 

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Planning your Rockhounding Summer

Summer is here and it is a great time to get out and enjoy the geological wonders of our state and country. Many of us want to get out to do some collecting or to see interesting natural areas.

In planning your trips, there are several great resources. The first stop should be the club’s library. It is full of books and other resources of places to go, see, and collect. A list of our library resources can be found at http://bcn.boulder.co.us/community/fmc/fmclibrary.htm. Contact our club librarian, Ray Gilbert to arrange to check out books or to find out more about the resources we have.

A second great place for resources in our states is the Colorado Geological Survey. Their recent Rock Talk, with many places of geologic interest (POGIs) to visit, can be found at http://geosurvey.state.co.us/portals/0/rtv9n1_HR.pdf. If you like dinosaurs, mines, and interesting geologic features, be sure to check out this publication.

When you are out collecting, either with your family, friends, or with the club, remember, that as members of the Flatirons Mineral Club, we pledge to uphold the Rockhound Code of Ethics, which is presented below.

Code of Ethics
I will respect both private and public property and will do no collecting on privately owned land without permission from the owner.
I will keep informed on all laws, regulations or rules governing collecting on public lands and will observe them.
I will, to the best of my ability, ascertain the boundary lines of property on which I plan to collect.
I will use no firearms or blasting material in collecting areas.
I will cause no willful damage to property of any kind such as fences, signs, buildings, etc.
I will leave all gates as found.
I will build fires only in designated or safe places and will be certain they are completely extinguished before leaving the area.
I will discard no burning material - matches, cigarettes, etc.
I will fill all excavation holes, which may be dangerous to livestock.
I will not contaminate wells, creeks, or other water supplies.
I will cause no willful damage to collecting material and will take home only what I can reasonably use.
I will practice conservation and undertake to utilize fully and well the materials I have collected and will recycle my surplus for the pleasure and benefit of others.
I will support the rockhound project H.E.L.P. (Help Eliminate Litter Please) and will leave all collecting areas devoid of litter, regardless of how found.
I will cooperate with field-trip leaders and those in designated authority in all collecting areas.
I will report to my club or federation officers, Bureau of Land Management or other authorities, any deposit of petrified wood or other materials on public lands which should be protected for the enjoyment of future generations for public educational and scientific purposes.
I will appreciate and protect our heritage of natural resources.
I will observe the "Golden Rule", will use Good Outdoor Manners and will at all times conduct myself in a manner that will add to the stature and Public Image of Rockhounds everywhere.
 

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Ultra-Violet Lamps: The Window of Opportunity
John Hurst

Ultra-Violet Mineral Displays—is there anyone who can resist the spectacular beauty of ugly duckling rocks that burst forth with vivid greens, yellows, reds, blues, whites, purples, oranges under the U-V rays of a high powered U-V lamp? Most of us are spellbound by these U-V specimens and start looking for specimens for our personal collection, followed by a search for an inexpensive short wave or long wave lamp to start our display or a battery operated lamp for the fun of finding our own specimens in the field. With luck one might find a $15.00 used lamp that operates on 4 AA batteries, or maybe the new version of the same in the $40 to $50 range. Then we discover that when it comes to UV lamps, the sky is the limit, or is it?

At times, one must simply bite the bullet and save money for the top line U-V lamp. There are a couple of new players in the U-V Lamp field, manufacturing lamps that surpass the old standby lamps from Ultra Violet Products and Raytech. Bill Gardner, who manufactures the “Way Too Cool” Lamps, is certainly worthy of your scrutiny—his prices aren’t too excessive. Then the other new player, Don Newsome and his UV Systems manufacture the SuperBright II Lamps for hand work and field work and the Triple Bright Lamps for the best U-V display case lamps available at this time.

So where does the “Window of Opportunity” come into play? Bill Gardner is the primary partner in the Purple Passion Mine near Wickenberg, AZ and Don Newsome is a retired Boeing Aircraft engineer who has been promoting fluorescent mineral collecting in the northwest for years. While neither of these two gents is exactly in harm’s way, not one of us is here on this earth forever. I hope no one procrastinates and misses the opportunity to purchase one or two or three of their lamps. Yes, they have been making shortwave, midwave and longwave lamps for several years now. Bill has a rotatating three wave lamp to be used in conjunction with a mineral aquarium. This product merits a close look. Don’s lamps have been lighting the brightest U-V displays at the Fort Collins Show, and probably the majority of the U-V cases at the Denver Show. These displays are spectacular, some of the best in the U.S.

Don Newsome’s lamps can be viewed at www.uvsystems.com and Bill Gardner’s can be checked out at www.fluorescents.com. Take time to budget your finances in advance, so that you can take advantage of the “Window of Opportunity” produced by two of the best minds in the U-V business.
 

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Colorado’s Mile High Due to Earth’s Internal Furnace

If it wasn’t for earth’s molten core, most of Colorado and the rest of North America would be below sea level. Scientists at the University of Utah have calculated that the earth’s internal furnace makes rock in the continental crust and upper mantle expand to become less dense and more buoyant. Without it, Denver would be 727 feet below sea level, New York City more than a quarter-mile below, and Los Angeles would be almost three-quarters of a mile beneath the Pacific. Most of the United States would disappear, except for some major Western mountain ranges.

Derrick Hasterok, a graduate student in geology and geophysics, calculations show that the heat inside the earth accounts for half of the reason land rises above sea level to form mountains. Previously, scientists tried to explain elevation differences from differences in rock densities, the makeup of the rocks, and tectonic force. Hasterok and his professor, David Chapman, published their findings in the June online issue of Journal of Geophysical Research-Solid Earth.

Fortunately for us, Hasterok said heat from Earth's interior will stay around for a long time. Even if the planet's interior cooled, it would take billions of years for continents to sink.

 

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Fossils in the News
Dennis Gertenbach

Baby Stegosaurus Tracks in Morrison About 150 million years ago, two turkey-sized stegosaur babies roamed a riverbank in what is now Colorado's foothills. Their tiny tracks - a bit bigger than a quarter – indicate that the baby stegosaurs had hatched just hours or days before. The footprints were found in a boulder that sat along a road near one of Morrison's famous dinosaur quarries.

Matt Mossbrucker, director of the Morrison Natural History Museum, found the tracks near the site where adult stegosaur tracks were found more than a year ago. Morrison is also the site where the first stegosaurus was unearthed over 130 years ago. Paleontologist Robert Bakker has also examined the footprints and help make the determination that they are from baby stegosaurus. Because no fossil plant material have been found at the site, it is not known what baby stegosaurus ate. One theory is that they ate a substance similar to what some of today's birds share with their young: crop milk, a protein-rich liquid produced in a chamber on the esophagus of adults. These extremely rare fossils are on permanent display at the Morrison Natural History Museum.


Dancing with Dinos Fossilized tracks from China show that roadrunner-like birds darted around under the feet of dinosaurs 125 million years ago, according to Denver paleontologist Martin Lockley, researcher at the Dinosaur Track Museum at the University of Colorado at Denver. Lockley said the five Chinese tracks "are almost indistinguishable from a modern roadrunner - a very long step, a narrow track." Previously, no fossil roadrunner-like birds are known that are more than a few thousand years. The bird, designated Shandongornipes muxiai, probably was not related to modern roadrunners, but is an example of convergence, where similar features evolve in different animals.

A decade or so ago, most bird fossils from this time consisted of a few fossils of marine birds that soared around during the age of the dinosaurs. Birds were not thought to be very diverse. However, fossil discoveries over the past 10 years have found bird fossils with short beaks, and others with long beaks, some that ate seeds and others that had insects in their stomachs when they died. Researchers speculate that once birds mastered flight, they were able to quickly diversify into many different ecological niches. The roadrunner-like birds that made these tracks may have been fast enough to elude carnivorous therapod dinosaurs, the researchers wrote in their paper, published in the journal Naturwissenschaften.


Flying Animal Fossils Over the past few months, papers have been published describing fossil discoveries of two unique flying animals, a flying lizard and a flying mammal. Researchers from China uncovered remarkably preserved remains of a unique ancient 6-inch long lizard that glided through the air on membranes supported by eight elongated ribs. Named Xianglong zhaoi, the bizarre animal lived in treetops during the early Cretaceous period, which began about 144 million years ago. The new creature represents the only gliding fossil lizard ever found. Only two other creatures are known to use their ribs in a similar fashion—living lizards of the genus Draco in Southeast Asia and a lizard-like fossil creature from the late Triassic period, about 200 million years ago.

Another newly found fossil indicates that mammals have been flying as long as birds. A flying squirrel-like creature called Volaticotherium antiquus from eastern Mongolia lived 125 million years ago, about 70 million years before any other mammal, including bats, is known to have taken flight. The fossil preserves the animal's skeleton, as well as an impression of most of the skin membrane that stretched between the animal's fore and hind limbs, direct evidence that the animal was adapted for gliding. The fossil vertebrae suggest that the animal had a long, stiff tail that served as a stabilizing rudder during gliding flight. This animal is not a direct ancestor of any other living mammals, including flying marsupials, flying lemurs, or bats. The age of the fossil indicates that mammals experimented with gliding flight at about the same time as birds, perhaps even earlier.


Giant Penguins Roamed Peru Scientists have found the fossils of giant penguins, as tall as 5 feet, that once roamed what is now Peru more than 40 million years ago. This greatly extends the time that scientists thought the flightless birds had spread to warmer climates, which was thought to have been only 10 million years ago. The researchers found two types of penguins in Peru that date to 40 million years ago. One of them was a 5-foot tall with a long sharp beak. The other was smaller and had a more rounded beak.

Can you dig it? A bird to rival T-Rex

© AP
In this image released by the Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology & Paleoanthropology in Beijing today, an artist’s impression of a newly discovered Gigantoraptor dinosaur is seen with other smaller dinosaurs. Fossilized bones uncovered in the Erlian Basin of northern China's Inner Mongolia region show the Gigantoraptor erlianensis was about 26 feet in length and weighed 3,000 pounds, said Xu Xing, a paleontologist at the Institute. The discovery of the giant, birdlike dinosaur indicates a more complicated evolutionary process for birds than originally thought, scientists said.

By Associated Press
June 13, 2007
BEIJING -- The remains of a giant, birdlike dinosaur as tall as the formidable tyrannosaur have been found in China, a surprising discovery that indicates a more complicated evolutionary process for birds than originally thought, scientists said today.
Fossilized bones uncovered in the Erlian Basin of northern China's Inner Mongolia region show that the specimen was about 8 meters (26 feet) in length, 5 meters (16 feet) tall and weighed 1,400 kilograms (3,000 pounds), said Xu Xing, a paleontologist at the Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology & Paleoanthropology in Beijing.
The height is comparable to the meat-eating tyrannosaurs, but the dinosaur, called Gigantoraptor elrianensis, also had a beak and slender legs and likely had feathers, making it 35 times larger than its likely close relation, the Caudiperyx, a small, feathered dinosaur species, Xu said. That puts the Gigantoraptor's existence at odds with prevailing theories that dinosaurs became smaller as they evolved into birds and that bigger dinosaurs have less birdlike characteristics, he said.
"This is like having a mouse that is the size of a horse or cow," said Xu, who co-authored a paper on the finding published Thursday in the journal Nature. "It is very important information for us in our efforts to trace the evolution process of dinosaurs to birds. It's more complicated than we imagined."
The Caudiperyx and the Gigantoraptor belong to a group of dinosaurs called oviraptors, which tend to be human-sized or smaller. In recent years paleontologists have found turkey-sized, feathered representatives of the group, but they've never found anything close to the scale of Gigantoraptor.
"It's one of the last groups of dinosaurs that we would expect to be that big," said Mark Norell, curator of paleontology at the American Museum of Natural History in New York City. But Philip Currie, a paleontologist at the University of Alberta, said the size of the Gigantoraptor would be a natural step in the evolutionary process of the oviraptors. "Almost every group that has evolved has tended to evolve giant forms," Currie said.
Animals tend to become bigger with evolution because larger creatures have an easier time getting food, impressing potential mates and avoiding predators. But size has disadvantages, too. Bigger animals need more food and territory. They have fewer offspring and reproduce less frequently than smaller animals do. That means they are particularly vulnerable when environmental conditions change, as they abruptly did about 65 million years ago. Just a few million years after Gigantoraptor evolved, it and every other dinosaur species on Earth became extinct.
On Wednesday, reporters were given a look at the Gigantoraptor's remains — two yellowing, rough-edged leg bones both a little over 1 meter (3.2 feet) long and believed to be those of a young adult.
It hasn't been determined if the Gigantoraptor was a herbivore, which have small heads and long necks, or a carnivore, which have sharp claws. The dinosaur has both, Xu said. Xu and his team, which discovered three other specimens in the fossil-rich Erlian Basin, were being interviewed by Japanese media in 2005 when they discovered the Gigantoraptor remains.
They had chosen a random site to illustrate how one of the previous fossils had been discovered and hit upon a bone while on camera, Xu said. The team originally thought that it belonged to a tyrannosaur because of its size, but realized upon examination that it was an oviraptor. "It was an unexpected finding," Xu said

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FMC Getting Ready for September Denver Gem & Mineral Show
Charlotte Morrison

Flatirons members participate in the 2nd largest gem and mineral show in the USA (after only the Tucson Show). The club area has been enlarged and we have reserved tables where visitors can engage in our club activities at our tables. The Denver Show is always held on the third weekend of Sept.

Dennis Gertenbach will have updated photos of the club Junior Geologists for viewing and photos from field trips. Our club theme this year is our 50th anniversary and we will have photos from our meeting in March. Other volunteer positions for the FMC table and the show itself are available, contact me and I can give you more information.

The hostess snack-room is open during the show for club and show volunteers, and there is a Sat night hors d'oeuvres hour, and a silent auction and lecture.

There is a $1.00 excellent breakfast on Sunday morning. Help is needed for show tear-down on the Sunday night of the show and large submarine sandwiches, snacks and beverages are provided for the tear-down volunteers.
 

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Upcoming Events, Nearby & Elsewhere 

Saturday, July 7, 10:30-2:30 p.m., Dinosaur Discovery Day (free public tour days with volunteer guides) is held the first Saturday of each month at Dinosaur Ridge, near Morrison: July 7, Aug. 4, Sep. 1, Oct. 6. For more info see www.dinoridge.org or stop and see the Visitors Center at 16831 W. Alameda Parkway.

August 9-12, "Contin-Tail" Rock Swap and Mineral Show, Rodeo Grounds, Buena Vista, CO. A fun and interesting outdoor event to see or buy rocks, minerals, fossils, etc., and hob-nob with all the local (and traveling from out of state) rockhounds, and one or more field trips will be led to local areas. No admission charge; camping available. In conjunction with Buena Vista Gold Rush Days. See http://www.coloradorocks.org or call 303-833-2939 or 720-938-4194.

The Colorado Chapter, Friends of Mineralogy, is sponsoring a Leadville Field Symposium, Aug. 24-26, which will include lectures, field trips, banquet, and a tour of Leadville and of the National Mining Hall of Fame and Museum. Attendance will be limited to the first 75 people who register ($20; banquet and lodging extra). For further information, please contact richard.parsons@att.net or pmodreski@usgs.gov.

 

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On-line Rock Swap

We have been informed of a new web site, www.openrockshop.com, a free site where mineral collectors can trade and buy specimens from other collectors around the world.  Please try it out and send any feedback to openrock@openrockshop.com.

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X-Ray Diffraction Service for Mineral and Lapidary Identification at Affordable Prices

In my retirement I have been trying to find out how I can best be of value to mineral collectors, lapidary enthusiasts and others in related fields.  Due to my background as a chemist and mineralogist, I have found my niche to be identification of difficult-to-identify minerals...those that even experienced enthusiasts or dealers have a hard time with.  I do this by use of X-Ray Diffraction which is the method of choice for professionals. XRD has so far been consistently expensive to use; most industrial labs charge $75 or more, which is fine for a mining company but far too much for the individual to whom minerals or lapidary is a hobby. 

By special arrangements with a past employer whom I have to pay, I am now able to offer detailed XRD at $30 per sample.  This price has been unheard of and I am getting quite a response. True I am not making any money, at this low price I barely break-even but it is a labor of love suitable for a pensioner enthused in the field.

http://www.attminerals.com/xray_diffraction_service.htm

John Attard
ATTARD'S MINERALS
P O Box 17263
San Diego, CA  92177
619-275-2016
attard@attminerals.com

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Updated 4/14/08